Jesus of Nazareth

Phylacteries: Inside is a tiny parchment scroll with Exo. 13:1-10,11-16 and Deut. 6:4-9, 11:13-21 written on it.

Deut. 6:8: And you will tie them as a sign on your hand and they will be as frontlets between your eyes.

Matt. 23:5: For they enlarge their phylacteries...

Discovery: In Jerusalem, silver tefillin in the shape of tiny scrolls have been found from the time of Josiah (600 BC). Tefillin from the time of Jesus have also been found in caves near the Dead Sea.

MEZUZA

Contained Deut. 6:4-9, 11:13-21.

Deut. 6:9: And you shall write them on the doorposts of your house and on your gates

DAILY PRAYER

At the time of the morning and evening (actually afternoon) sacrifices (Num. 28:3-8): about 9 am (Shakharit) and 3 pm (Minkha). There was also a personal time of prayer at night (Maariv).

Acts 3:1: Peter and John were going up to the Temple at the ninth hour [3 pm], the hour of prayer.

Acts 10:9: Peter went up on the housetop about the sixth hour [about 12 noon] to pray. Afternoon prayer was permitted any time after 12:30.

There were two positions for prayer: 1) Standing, facing Jerusalem and the Temple, with hands outstretched:

1 Kings 8:22-23,28,30: Then Solomon stood in front of the altar...and he spread out his hands to the heavens and said, Lord my God...Listen to the prayer of...your people Israel which they pray toward this place."

Isaiah 1:15: So when you spread out your hands in prayer...

(Mark 11:25: And whenever you stand praying...)

(1 Tim. 2:8: I want the men in every place to pray, lifting up holy hands...)

2) Prostration. Kneeling in the Bible is the first step in prostration:

(Mark 15:19: and sinking down on their knees they were prostrating themselves before him)

(1 Kings 8:54: he arose...from sinking down on his knees with his hands spread toward heaven)

(Matt. 26:39: he...fell on his face and prayed)

(Acts 9:40: But Peter...after sinking down on his knees, prayed.)

(Rev. 7:11: They fell on their faces before the throne and worshiped God.)

Amen: Response to prayer that means I agree or may it be. (The name of God (Yhwh) was never mentioned in prayer.)

(Jesus to the High Priest: You will see the son of man sitting at the right hand of Power (Matt. 26:64).

(The angel speaking to Mary: He will be called the Son of the Most High...the power of the Most High will overshadow you (Luke 1:32,35; also Luke 1:76, 6:35).

(Today, many religious Jews say Baruch HaShem (Blessed be the Name).

SHEMA

Deut. 6:4: Shema Israel, Adonai Eloheinu, Adonai Echad. Hear Israel: the Lord our God is one Lord.

Mark 12:28-29: One of the scribes...asked him, What commandment is the most important of all? Jesus answered, The most important is, Hear Israel: the Lord our God is one Lord...

SHEMONEH ESREH (AMIDAH)

The Eighteen Benedictions: Today, there are actually nineteen benedictions. The benedictions in italics were added after the time of Jesus and the destruction of the Temple in AD 70.

1) The God of History: Blessed are you, Lord our God and God of our fathers, God of Abraham, God of Isaac, and God of Jacob, the great, mighty, and revered God...

2) The God of Nature: You, Lord, are mighty forever, you revive the dead, you are mighty to save...

3) Holiness of God: We will sanctify your Name in the world even as they sanctify it in the highest heavens...Holy, holy, holy is the Lord of hosts...
...who is in the heavens, may your name be made holy.... on earth as it is in heaven (Matt. 6:9-10)

4) Prayer for Understanding: Favor us with knowledge...

5) For Repentance: Cause us to return, our Father.... Bring us back in perfect repentance into your presence
Our Father... (Matt. 6:9)

6) For Forgiveness: Forgive us, our Father, for we have sinned...
And forgive us our sins, as we also have forgiven those who sin against us (Matt. 6:12)

7) For Deliverance from Affliction: Look upon our affliction...and redeem us speedily for your Name’s sake...
Do not lead us into temptation, but deliver us from evil (Matt. 6:13)

8) For Healing: Heal us, O Lord, and we will be healed...

9) For Deliverance from Want: Bless this year to us, Lord our God, together with every kind of the produce thereof, for our welfare; give a blessing on the face of the earth...
Give us this day our daily bread (Matt. 6:11).

10) For the Restoration of Israel (after AD 70): “Gather our exiles...”

11) For the Kingdom of God: Reign over us, O Lord, you alone...
May your kingdom come, may your will be done... (Matt. 6:10)

12) Against Slanderers (after AD 70): “Let all your enemies be speedily cut off; uproot and crush the dominion of arrogance...”

13) For the Righteous and Proselytes: Grant a good reward to all who faithfully trust in your Name...

14) For the Rebuilding of Jerusalem (after AD 70): “Rebuild it soon in our days...”

15) For the Messiah: Cause the offspring (sprout, branch) of David, your servant, to flourish, and lift up his glory in your salvation (yeshuah)...because we wait for your salvation (yeshuah) all the day.

16) For Hearing Prayer: Hear our voice...

17) For Restoration of Temple Service (after AD 70): “Restore the service to the inner sanctuary of your house...”

18) Thanksgiving: We will give thanks to you...

19) For Peace: Grant peace...

The Lord’s Prayer: is a summary of the Eighteen Benedictions.

BLESSINGS

Deut. 8:10: You will eat, and will be full, and you will bless the Lord your God for the good land that he gave you.

Psalm 103:1: Bless the Lord, my soul.

Psalm 100:4-5: Give thanks to him; bless his name. For the Lord is good.

Psalm 145:2: Every day I will bless you.

James 3:9: With [the tongue] we bless our Lord and Father.

Matt. 6:5: When you pray, do not be like the hypocrites that like to stand and pray in the synagogues and on the street corners, that they may be seen by men.

Baruch attah Adonai Eloheinu, Melech HaOlam (Blessed are you, Lord our God, King of the Universe...). Over wine: ...creator of the fruit of the vine. Over bread: ...who brings forth bread from the earth.